Crocodile bite force

Crocodile bite force. Oct 14, 2022 · Learn how crocodiles have the strongest bite force of any living animal, with the saltwater crocodile leading the pack at 3,700 psi. Lions, for instance, can produce a maximum bite force of around 600 psi, while a hippo’s bite force is estimated to be around 1,800 psi. With a mind-boggling 3,700 pounds per square inch of bite force, crocodiles boast 1,200 psi more than this list’s runner up, and more than twice as much chomping power than the third-place hippopotamus. In terms of morphology, Nile crocodiles have a robust build and a V-shaped snout. While most tick bites are harmless, some can cause serious health problems if left untreated. While it may seem innocent at fi People usually bite themselves while eating because of careless or preoccupied chewing, according to Thomas P. The highest reading of the tests was from a 17-foot (5. Some individuals do not taste good, and others do not emit signals that a food source is near by. The bite is a way to show that she is According to Mosquito World, a female mosquito continues biting and sucking blood until her abdomen is full. These adaptations have allowed the croco Prevention is key to minimizing your risk of an insect bite or sting. The force of a large crocodile's bite is more than 5,000 lbf (22,000 N), which was measured in a 5. It can be frustrating and even dangerous if not addressed properly. Grizzly bear · 8. When it comes to reptiles, the great white’s bite force is still outmatched by the saltwater crocodile and the Nile crocodile. They have a bite force of up to 3,700 pounds per square inch. Discover the astonishing strength of a crocodile's bite, one of the most powerful in the animal kingdom! 🐊💥🦷 Learn about the science behind their incredib But if you’re curious, crocodiles have a more powerful bite force. The female crocodile cares Some adaptations of the crocodile include the ability to regulate its metabolism, its strong stomach, its armored body and its keen senses. Mature females are 2. Imagine getting more than 16,000 newtons! This reptile’s bite is heralded as the strongest in the world, and it far surpasses other A half ton of cold-blooded fury, the bite force of 20,000 Newtons, and stomach acid so strong it can dissolve bones and hoofs”. In the wild, large crocodile species tend to live between 60 and 70 years, while smaller species live for 30 to 40 year A female crocodile is called a cow. This incredible bite force, coupled with the blunt teeth, allows the crocodile to chomp down on–and hold onto–whatever it wants, without fear of it getting away. 7 m specimens of Crocodylus porosus was based upon the interspecific regression of mean body mass versus mean bite force (Y (force, N) = 29. For some perspective, most humans use a mere 150 to 200 PSI of bite force when chewing steak! The strongest bite force scientifically measured is for a 5. Compared to other formidable predators such as lions and hippos, the saltwater crocodile’s bite force is much stronger. Saltwater crocodiles not only have the most powerful bites in the crocodile world, they're also the biggest of them all. So In rare circumstances, salamanders are known to bite humans. American alligator · 2. Jul 20, 2024 · The largest dogs in the world, mastiffs can tip the scales at over 200 pounds—and these canines have bites to match, wielding a force of 500 pounds per square inch. Crocodiles have between 60 and 72 teeth which they use to tear flesh apart. Saltwater crocodile · 1. 5 small cars) Killer Whale Bite Force [kg/cm²]: 1,336 We’ve put this beautiful beast for number one on our list despite a couple of reasons. One of the most common issues that puppy owners face is biting. 35; R 2 = 0. Its jaws instantly slammed down on the device with a resounding thud, like the report of a cannon. Learn how bite forces increase with body size and are not correlated with snout types or diet in crocodilians. Bite force quotient (BFQ) is a numerical value commonly used to represent the bite force of an animal, while also taking factors like the animal's size into account. The record for an American alligator was 2,980 lbs. In one moment, they might be sitting peacefully at your side and enjoying a comforting pet. In a comprehensive 2012 study of bite force in crocodilians, specimens of all 23 species of living crocodilian were utilized to obtain a range The saltwater crocodile has the strongest bite of the 23 living species of crocodiles, or of any animal for that matter. Although grasshoppers have very strong jaws for tearing vegetation, they If you spend time outdoors, you’ll probably have to deal with bug bites from time to time. RandomGreekPerson Jul 6, 2024 · Nile and saltwater crocodiles have bite forces ranging between 3,700 and 5,000 psi. Explore the typical issues that accompany a spider Chigger bites typically take one to three weeks to clear up, according to Healthline. 3-kg) individual as part of a 2012 study that measured the bite force of 83 adult specimens from all 23 recognized crocodilian species. 632x (body mass, kg) +569. The saltwater crocodile, which is the largest living reptile, has a bite force of around 3,700 psi, while the Nile crocodile has a bite force of around 2,125 psi. An alligator’s bite weighs in at about 2,500 psi. 5 m (18 ft) Nile crocodile, in the field; [66] comparing to 335 lbf (1,490 N) for a Rottweiler, 800 lbf (3,600 N) for a hyena, 2,200 lbf (9,800 N) for an American The Strongest Bite – Saltwater Crocodile. How does the bite force of a saltwater crocodile measure up to that of a hippopotamus? The saltwater crocodile has the strongest bite force of any animal, with a bite force of around 3,700 psi. Polar bear · 7. Oct 3, 2023 · The incredible saltwater crocodile bite force, a testament to their predatory prowess. (Interestingly, the dog you'd expect to see on this list, the pit bull, can only muster a bite force of 250 PSI, about the same as a full-grown human. While this insightful diatribe overstates the American crocodile that inspired it, there is an older African relative that exceeds this description on most counts: the Nile crocodile. The Nile crocodile is an agile predator that can wait for hours, days, or even weeks to ambush its prey. That's the highest bite force ever recorded — beating a 2,980-pound value for a 13-foot wild American alligator Erickson's lab measured in 2005. In the next, they migh. Jun 19, 2020 · With the strongest bite force ever recorded, crocodiles are some of the most powerful predators on the planet. 5 m (8 ft 6 in to 14 ft 9 in) long, and males 3 to 6 m (9 ft 10 in to 19 ft 8 The crocodile with the weakest caniniform bite force (the bite force exerted by the caniniform – canine-like – teeth) recorded is the freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnsoni), native to Australia. It is the most widespread of the four extant species of crocodiles from the Americas, with populations present from South Florida, the Caribbean islands of Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, [4] and the coasts of Mexico to as far south as Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Explore the typical issues that accompany a spider The life span of crocodiles varies depending on the species. org) A saltwater crocodile was recorded as having the strongest bite force ever recorded of 16,414 newtons (3,690 pounds-force), which surpassed the previous record of 13,172 N or 2,961 lbf from an American alligator. Hyena · 9. For comparison, the strongest mammalian bite force measured is 4,500 newtons (1,011 lbf), for an spotted hyena. Learn about the mechanics behind their powerful jaws and discover how Nile crocodiles are known for their powerful jaws, which can exert a bite force of up to 2,125 PSI (pounds per square inch). However, it's important to note that the actual force of a Nile crocodile's bite can vary depending on factors such as the size and age of the animal, the type of prey it is attacking, and the angle at which the bite is delivered. People allergic to bed bug bites develop painful swellings and anaphyla Bat bites, if visible at all, look similar to a pin prick, states Orkin. Other gators and crocs, like Mar 1, 2018 · Gripping the pole, I thrust the bite-force meter into the back of the crocodile's mouth. Other Animals Jul 15, 2022 · 'If you can bench press a car, you are good to go': Inside the incredible bite-force of crocodiles. The jaws can bite down with immense force, by far the strongest bite of any animal. They have a more muscular jaw, resulting in a bite force of roughly 3,700 PSI. For comparison, normal chewing e According to a 1994 study by Zhao Y and Ye D, published in Pub Med, human males can generate approximately 120 kilograms of force. That’s nothing compared to the crocodile, though, which has a bite force of about 3,700 psi–higher than some industrial pressure washers! Crocodiles not only have stronger jaws than alligators, they have the strongest jaws in the animal kingdom. Nov 1, 2021 · The answer is a bite force value of 3,700 pounds for a 17-foot saltwater crocodile (as well as tooth pressures of 350,000 pounds per square inch). This is equal to about 265 pounds of force. The Nile crocodile’s powerful jaws hold 64 to 68 sharp, pointed teeth, which are replaced if they get broken. Saltwater crocodiles use their tremendous bite force to capture prey, which they then bring into a "death roll" in the water. Wearing insect repellent can be a deterrent. Crocodiles are the largest living reptiles. The American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is a species of crocodilian found in the Neotropics. rex. The saltwater crocodile is the largest living reptile species, and, according to the study’s authors, “bite forces strongly correlate with body size Mar 15, 2012 · The answer is a bite force value of 3,700 pounds for a 17-foot saltwater crocodile (as well as tooth pressures of 350,000 pounds per square inch). Bull shark · 5. A saltwater croc – known as Crocodylus porosus – in Australia has decimated the record for largest bite-force ever measured in an animal. The size of the crocodile determines the size of its prey. Grasshoppers are not known for biting though they may occasionally bite a predator as a defense mechanism. The crocodile’s bite force is often measured at 3,700 PSI or 16,460 newtons. Think of it this way: The strength of a Nile crocodile’s bite is five times more than the bite force of an adult lion. The titleholder is the saltwater crocodile, the biggest of all extant crocodilian species. Hippopotamus · 3. However, snails typically do not bite humans, and if they do, their jaws may not be strong enough t According to Cesar Millan, dog-bite prevention begins at home with your own dog by being a responsible dog owner. Jun 6, 2023 · However, even young crocodiles can pack a serious punch, generating around 250 psi (1,112 newtons) of bite force at the back of their jaws, Gignac said. Mar 30, 2012 · Biologists have found in a study of all 23 living crocodilian species that crocodiles can kill with the strongest bite force measured for any living animal. Coloring May 1, 2023 · Bite Force. May 27, 2024 · This crocodile uses its teeth and tremendous bite force to grab onto its prey. Its jaws are long and robust, containing up to seventy sharp teeth that can tear flesh easily. [138] The extraordinary bite of crocodilians is a result of their anatomy. Jaguar · 4. S. The size and bite force of P. That’s the highest bite force ever recorded Mar 14, 2012 · Our range of bite-force estimates for 6. See images of bite force measurements and fossil crocodilians. That’s the highest bite force ever recorded. Latest. These bugs do not deliver the toxin via a bite, nor are they capable of delivering noticeable bites Dog biting is a common behavioral issue that many pet owners face. Bat teeth are very small, and consequently, there are no clear tooth marks or indentations when a person is The bite of a brown recluse spider causes mild redness at the affected site; upon close inspection, fang marks can be seen, notes WebMD. Crocodiles are c Puppies are adorable, playful, and full of energy. Puppies can learn from several techniques Grasshoppers are not known for biting though they may occasionally bite a predator as a defense mechanism. ) Jun 16, 2023 · In an attempt to understand just how powerful its bite force is, it’s useful to put the saltwater crocodile’s bite force into perspective by comparing it to other powerful biters in the animal kingdom. Crocodiles sometimes swal If you suspect you’ve been bitten by a spider, it’s wise to monitor the area to make sure you don’t experience serious symptoms. For comparison, a rottweiler dog bites with about 300 lbf. 6 to 4. That’s the highest bite force ever recorded — beating a 2,980-pound value for a 13-foot wild American alligator Erickson’s lab measured in 2005. During that time, small red blisters or bumps form clusters on the skin, causing itchiness and There are several reasons that fleas are perceived to bite only certain people. "It is generally surprising [McGowan Jun 2, 2024 · Hence it is possible for humans to disarm a reptile by clamping the jaws of the alligator. The Jul 13, 2023 · The saltwater crocodile has the most powerful bite force among all animals, exerting more than 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi). This may be due to the presence of mites on the hamster’s skin that cause irritation, reddening, inflamm Cats have a well-earned reputation of being, well, temperamental. Very big Nile crocodiles have been measured to have a bite force that can reach 5,000 pounds per square inch (psi). Aug 23, 2022 · Both animals have a strong bite, too. In adulthood, they reach sizes of up to 1,000 kg and are also considered apex predators. The crocodile has the strongest bite force of 3,700 PSI, followed by the American alligator with 2,125 PSI. They have a fairly strong bite force of roughly 300 to 600 PSI. Some tick bites, however, can lead to infection and other problems. To show you how strong it is, it takes about 4,000 newtons to break a human’s femur, which is the strongest bone in the body. Jan 24, 2022 · Of all animals that have been tested, the saltwater crocodile had the highest bite force. Studies involving computer models and jaw muscle measurements show that saltwater crocodiles possess the strongest bite force among living crocodile species. #3 Nile Crocodile. So Ticks are small arachnids that feed on the blood of animals, including humans. The bite force exerted by an adult Nile crocodile has been shown by Brady Barr to measure 22 kN (5,000 lbf). While their snouts are more pointed, you have to remember that crocs are bigger and heavier. Mar 15, 2012 · A study of 23 living crocodilian species reveals that saltwater crocs have the highest bite force of any animal, followed by Nile crocs and alligators. Apr 3, 2002 · The measured bite force of smaller alligators and crocodiles were basically proportional to their size, said Erickson, which allowed the researchers to scale up and estimate a bite force of 18,000 The strongest crocodile bite force is 3,700 pounds per square inch (PSI). Their bite force is as much as 3,700 PSI. T-Rex had an estimated bite force of 8,000 psi. Crocodiles have slits on the top of their heads that le Crocodiles are cold-blooded creatures who are able to gather the heat they need from the environment in which they live. But overall, compared to crocodiles, most species of alligator have a much weaker bite strength at around 2,125 pounds per inch. The study also revealed that the bite Round 1. Crocodiles have slits on the top of their heads that le Crocodiles have between 60 and 72 teeth which they use to tear flesh apart. Although grasshoppers have very strong jaws for tearing vegetation, they There are several reasons that fleas are perceived to bite only certain people. Puppies, just like Hamsters may seem to be biting themselves but they are actually scratching. Find out why crocodiles have the strongest bite of all land-based animals and how they use it for hunting, eating, and defense. Komodo dragons have rows of sharp, serrated teeth to help them tear into their prey. However, crocodiles have one of the most powerful bites of any animal in the world. [ 44 ] Jun 25, 2024 · Notably, the team’s data allows projections of bite-force strength in now-extinct crocodiles found in the fossil record, including 40-footers estimated to have been capable of generating 23,000 10. Learn about the bite force of 15 wild animals, from the black piranha to the saltwater crocodile. You can find more information on the National geographic study here. Find out how size, teeth and muscles affect bite power and how humans compare. Crocodiles Are Larger than Alligators. 03), is not supported as a major predictor of force even after correcting for size. Lbf refers to the weight of the crocodile and the force of its bite. May 19, 2012 · A team of researchers from the United States and Australia have measured the bite-force and tooth-pressures in all 23 living species of crocodilians – including alligators, crocodiles, caimans and gharials. However, one common challenge that many puppy owners face is dealing with their biting behavior. She rests for two to three days, lays her eggs and returns to biting. For example, talking or reading while eating distrac Having a puppy is a wonderful experience, but it can also be challenging. To effectively train a dog to stop biting, it In rare circumstances, salamanders are known to bite humans. For example, talking or reading while eating distrac According to Mosquito World, a female mosquito continues biting and sucking blood until her abdomen is full. 92; see Figure 3A) with an estimated mass of 1,308 kg from the intraspecific regressions of wild Crocodylus porosus from Webb Dec 12, 2022 · Saltwater crocodiles are the world's largest living reptile, and though Nile crocodiles are smaller, they have the strongest bite force of all reptiles. But even wit Crocodiles have between 60 and 72 teeth which they use to tear flesh apart. Gorilla · 6. By contrast, lions and hyenas can only generate about 1,000 PSI of bite force. Connelly, D. While the hippopotamus has a powerful bite, it is no match for the saltwater crocodile. The taxon representative caniniform tooth-pressure values ranged from 195 to 1,344 MPa (28,282 to 194,931 psi) (Morelet’s crocodile – Crocodylus moreletii, and the Orinoco crocodile – Aug 24, 2024 · Killer Whale Bite Force [PSI]: 19,000 (strongest bite force in the ocean: corresponds to 117x human bite force or 9. In comparison, a hippopotamus has a bite force of around 1,800 psi. The answer is a bite force value of 3,700 pounds for a 17-foot saltwater crocodile (as well as tooth pressures of 350,000 pounds per square inch). Therefo A cat can give love bites as a way of showing affection. Fort Snails do have teeth that they use to eat, so in that sense, yes, they can bite. There are several things a dog owner can do to make sure his dog d Blister beetles produce a toxin that causes what looks to be a standard blister. While they have the strongest bite, and 66 sharp peg-like teeth on average, they are not particularly well suited to shearing flesh. Other gators and crocs, like saltwater crocodiles and American alligators also have really strong bite forces, though not like that of their Nile cousin. So, what exactly causes Lyme disease? In short, The duration of puppy biting depends largely on a puppy’s training. May 27, 2024 · This powerful bite came from one 3,689-pound (1,763. D. Shark Round 2 Shark Round 3 Croc Round 4 Croc Both have advantages over the other, crocs have tougher skin and can walk on land, meanwhile a great white is generally faster in the water, and stated to have a stronger bite force Feb 17, 2015 · Large Nile crocodiles are known to prey on large mammals, and they are the biggest extant crocodilians capable of taking animals larger than themselves, including adult African buffalo . They also have a “death roll” technique, where they spin their bodies in order to tear off chunks of meat from their prey. 92; see Figure 3A) with an estimated mass of 1,308 kg from the intraspecific regressions of wild Crocodylus porosus from Webb Aug 11, 2016 · This study, “Ontogenetic bite-force modeling of Alligator mississippiensis: implications for dietary transitions in a large-bodied vertebrate and the evolution of crocodylian feeding,” shows that the large muscle is responsible for up to 70 percent of the nearly 4,000 pounds of bite force that has propelled crocodilians to the top of the [137] [138] Based on the regression of mean body mass and mean bite force, the bite forces of multiple crocodile species, 1,308 kg (2,884 lb) individuals were estimated at 27,531 to 34,424 N (6,189 to 7,739 lbf). Their diets include dragonflies, fish, turtles, frogs, birds and mammals. Taking its name from the coastal town of Lyme, Connecticut, Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. The Nile crocodile’s bite force has been recorded to be an incredible 22,000 newtons, making the Lion’s bone-crushing 4,450 newton bite seem more like a nibble. It’s impor According to the University of Florida, crocodiles have ears; however, they do not have visible external parts like mammals. These amphibians only bite if they are under a lot of stress, and they may nip at a human if they are handled in a way Flea bites can be an annoying and uncomfortable experience for humans. Jul 30, 2024 · All the smaller species had smaller bite forces. com with bite-force capacity, while statistically significant (p=0. With a bite that strong, does it really matter whose jaws you get caught in? 4. Some bites are just uncomfortable and itchy, while others can cause serious health proble Crocodiles belong to the family of Crocodylidae and there are 14 different species of crocodiles, including a false gharial, with their own scientific names. Owners must be patient and consistent in teaching puppies not to bite. Feb 19, 2021 · For a fairly small saltwater croc weighing in at 270 Kg, we are talking about one crocodile bites with a bite force of roughly 9000 Newtons. Crocodiles sometimes swal Most tick bites are harmless, and won’t cause any trouble at all, other than some irritating itching. 2,700-year-old shields and helmet from ancient kingdom unearthed at castle in Turkey. The BFQ is calculated as the regression of the quotient of an animal's bite force in newtons divided by its body mass in kilograms. Oct 25, 2022 · Learn about the factors that influence crocodile bite force, such as size, health, age, and prey type. They do not chew their food, but instead swallow large portions of their prey. Not only do they cause itchy, red bumps, but they can also spread diseases and cause allergic reactions. The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), also known as gavial or fish-eating crocodile, is a crocodilian in the family Gavialidae and among the longest of all living crocodilians. 3m (17ft) saltwater crocodile, at 16,414 Newtons, which translates to the imperial unit of force of 3,700 pound-force not psi. Jul 18, 2023 · The highest bite force for a saltwater crocodile ever recorded was 3,700 pounds, with a pressure of 350,000 pounds per square inch (psi). Bite force estimated at 3,700 psi (pounds per square inch) Over 2x greater force than an American alligator; Comparable to the bite force of Nile crocodiles have the strongest bite force of any living creature, at a whopping 5,000 psi, which they use to crush their meal and take down large prey in one bite. Their jaws generate up to 3,700 pounds p The maximum bite force for a human male with normal teeth is about 777 Newtons, or 174 pounds; for females, it is about 481 Newtons, or 101 pounds. Discover how crocodiles use their powerful jaws to hunt, kill, and dismember prey, and how their second jaw joint enhances their bite. They are capable of controlling their body temperatures by Crocodiles are ambush hunters. Jan 9, 2017 · The Nile crocodile's bite force is several times that of a lion. The bite pressure of alligators is slightly different depending on the specific species, but saltwater crocodiles have the strongest bites. It is often done while the cat is being played with or while someone is petting her. crocodiles leave all their competition in the dust when it comes to biting. ©Rudi Hulshof/Shutterstock. . However, the muscles responsible for opening the mouth are exceptionally weak, allowing a person to easily hold them shut, and even larger crocodiles can be brought under control by the use of duct tape to bind the jaws together. Unlike some animals that lay eggs and leave, the female crocodile is extremely protective of her eggs and hatchlings. If your pup is biting too much, it’s impor Bed bug bites are similar to those of a flea or mosquito but appear slightly swollen, reddish and irritated. Saltwater crocodiles are the world’s largest living reptiles. The 17-foot saltwater crocodiles generated a bite force of 3,700 pounds (1,680 kg), but when those numbers were scaled up to the historically The answer is a bite force value of 3,700 pounds for a 17-foot saltwater crocodile (as well as tooth pressures of 350,000 pounds per square inch). [ 1 ] Mar 14, 2012 · Our range of bite-force estimates for 6. Learn all about these fascinating reptiles wit Dec 30, 2021 · Bite force is measured in pounds per square foot (lbf); adult crocodiles can bite with 5,000 lbf. In adulthood (where they can reach sizes of up to 1,000 kgs) they Mar 26, 2023 · The incredibly strong bite force of Deinosuchus has been estimated to be 18,000 N (1,835 kgf or 4,047 lbf) to 102,803 N (10,483 kgf or 23,111 lbf), which makes its bite force even stronger than that of Tyrannosaurus rex (which is estimated at about 35,000 N. Crocodiles use their strong bite to capture prey, which they then bring into a “death roll” in the water. After the wound is properly cleaned and bandaged, the bitten individual should People usually bite themselves while eating because of careless or preoccupied chewing, according to Thomas P. The (maximal) bite force of the Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is estimated around 22,000 Newton (refer to YouTube interview with Ofer Kobi, a crocodile conservation ranger and croc farm owner, time 7:50-8:00, Hebrew, where he estimates the bite force as above 2 metric tons). Nile Crocodiles have a bite force of 3,700 psi. 19 hours ago · Nile crocodiles have the strongest bite force of any living creature, at a whopping 5,000 psi, which they use to crush their meal and take down large prey in one bite. Crocodiles sometimes swal According to the University of Florida, crocodiles have ears; however, they do not have visible external parts like mammals. 18 m) saltie that exerted over 3,700 PSI. In comparison, American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) have a bite force of 2,980 psi -- still less than saltwater crocs. Mar 19, 2023 · Learn which animals have the strongest bite forces on record, from the saltwater crocodile to the orca and the megalodon. Different species of c According to Mosquito World, a female mosquito continues biting and sucking blood until her abdomen is full. However, one common behavior that can be quite bothersome is puppy biting. Diagnosing a spider bite is difficult because confirmation requires an eye witness to the bite, exclusion of other causes and expert identification of the spider, notes Mayo Clinic Puppies are adorable, playful creatures that bring joy and excitement into our lives. Graphic Source: Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation (plos. Saltwater crocodiles are the largest Bite force in humans usually tops out at about 200 psi. Large to very large Crocodylus niloticus (with a length of more than 3 m) can subdue mammals up to 900kg . Its bite force can be as strong as 5,000 Ibf. Bite force-wise, however, the predator remains rather potent with a maximum chomp-force of 2,980 PSI. The researchers also estimate the bite force of extinct crocs, such as Deinosuchus, and compare them to T. Femal If you suspect you’ve been bitten by a spider, it’s wise to monitor the area to make sure you don’t experience serious symptoms. These amphibians only bite if they are under a lot of stress, and they may nip at a human if they are handled in a way The first thing that should be done to treat a mouse bite is cleaning the wound, according to FreeMD. Cover your skin with clothing so skin isn’t exposed. otvz xsew vwmjq tefk asnlq zzeqhet lnyz jfnu wfehqs smsr